[ADORA for RMP]
[ADORA for OBOD]
[ADORA for Terrorist Attacks]

ADORA Advantage for OBOD

ADORA is the only software that couples atmospheric dispersion with ambient air entrainnment, time-varying chemistry, heat release and heat loss.  The keys benefits that ADORA offers over existing dispersion codes are:

  • ADORA performs dispersion modeling of reacting chemicals without the need for prior knowledge of emission factors or cloud behavior.  Thus, the cost of expensive tests and measurements can be largely curtailed.
  • ADORA calculates the time-varying identities as well as amounts of toxic chemical species in the cloud, including the effects of entrainment and heat loss, which change from case to case.
  • ADORA calculates the rate of air entrainment and heat release as a function of time, providing a reliable determination of transient cloud rise.  This is a significant improvement over standard methods that use continuous plume rise equations. The latter underestimates the effective release height for passive dispersion typically resulting in an overestimation of the toxic concentrations downstream as compared to ADORA.  
  • ADORA models the transient fireball rise with an attached tail that stretches to the ground as observed experimentally.
  • ADORA is fundamentally based, providing an accurate description of the physical and chemical processes in the cloud, which have been validated using the available experimental data.

    • In summary, ADORA provides an accurate representation of cloud behavior and of the identities and concentrations of the chemical species inside the cloud without the need for arbitrary assumptions as done in other codes.  The net effect is typically a substantial decrease in the predicted hazard distance and in the cost of mitigation methods without jeopardizing the health of the surrounding population nor compromising the quality of the environment.

    Comparison of ADORA for OBOD with Other Available Codes

    Feature

    POLLU13

    PCAD

    ADORA for OBOD

    Air entrainment

    Assumed arbitrarily at zero time to complete the combustion of  Carbon

    Calculated during reaction

    Heat release due to reaction of released materials

    Calculated

    Calculated

    Calculated

    Heat release due to reaction with entrained air

    Occurs at zero time as determined by the assumed amount of  entrained air

    Calculated during entrainment

    Radiative heat loss

    No

    No

    Calculated

    Thermochemical equilibrium

    Imposed at zero time

    1.Updated at each time step
    2.Relaxed at later time

    Kinetic Considerations

    No

    No

    Approximated

    Coupled Chemical Reactions with air entrainment

    No

    No

    Yes

    Prediction of Product Species

    Fixed for a given reactant mixture

    Varies with release and ambient conditions

    Dispersion calculation

    No

    Yes

    Yes

    Fireball tail effect

    No

    No

    Yes

    Plume rise formulation

    No

    Continuous

    Continuous and instantaneous

    Unknown inputs

    Yes

    Yes

    No

    User friendly and GUI

    No

    Yes

    Yes

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