[ADORA for RMP]
[ADORA for OBOD]
[ADORA for Terrorist Attacks]

ADORA for Preparedness Against Terrorist Attacks on Industrial and ChemBio Facilities

ADORA is the only software that couples chemical reactions and associated thermal effects with atmospheric dispersion.  ADORA models the release and atmospheric dispersion of industrial chemicals and nuclear, biological and chemical (NBC) agents. Sample intentional releases modeled in ADORA include:

  • Attack on industrial complexes or NBC facilities by conventional weapons primarily has two effects:
    • the high temperatures resulting from the conventional weapon attack may lead to a thermal decomposition of a fraction of the NBC agents.  ADORA determines the survivability/destruction of NBC agents under these conditions. This is illustrated in Figure 1 below.
    • the cloud formed from the high temperature combustion involving the weapon and the reactive chemicals may loft the surviving agents and disperse them at an elevation. This is illustrated in Figure 2 below.
  • Intentional spills from industrial facilities may release chemical and nuclear agents into the atmosphere.  Certain agents that contain halogen atoms (e.g., Phosgene and UF6) may undergo chemical reactions with ambient moisture forming products that are either more or less toxic than the original compounds.  For such releases, ADORA determines the survivability of the agents, and the hazard distances associated with the products formed. This is illustrated in Figure 3 below.

Potential Applications

  • Agent Neutralization
  • Collateral Damage
  • Demilitarization or In-theater Deactivation of Chemical Stockpiles
  • Terrorist Attacks/Counter-terrorism
  • Link to DTRA's Hazard Prediction and Assessment Capability

Figure 1: Explosive Release of GB -- Effect of Mixing on Agent Survival and Dispersion

Figure 2: Dispersion of Surviving GB Fraction with and without Lofting Effects from TNT Explosion

Figure 3: Effect of Chemical Reaction on the Atmospheric Dispersion of Phosgene (CG)

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