|
Chemical Species
Comparison of emission factors computed by ADORA with other models and experimental observations.
|
Explosive
|
Data Source
|
CO2
|
CO
|
NO
|
NO2
|
CH4
|
TNMH
|
C6H6
|
|
RDX
|
Field Measurement
|
570
|
31
|
0.9
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
1.3
|
0.069
|
|
ADORA
|
590
|
13
|
0.91
|
0.7
|
1.7
|
2.2
|
0.076
|
|
Available Codes
|
E/A=1.5
|
520
|
46
|
0
|
0
|
0.01
|
0
|
0
|
|
E/A=1.0
|
590
|
3.2
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
TNT
|
Field Measurement
|
1280
|
49
|
1.4
|
1.4
|
1.5
|
2.1
|
0.10
|
|
ADORA
|
1260
|
58
|
2.0
|
1.2
|
1.0
|
0.85
|
0.14
|
|
Available Codes
|
E/A=0.43
|
920
|
280
|
0
|
0
|
0.19
|
0
|
0
|
|
E/A=0.25
|
1360
|
0
|
0.03
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Comp. B
|
Field Measurement
|
870
|
31
|
0.8
|
1.0
|
0.6
|
1.2
|
0.062
|
|
ADORA
|
980
|
48
|
1.7
|
1.0
|
1.7
|
2.3
|
0.18
|
|
Available Codes
|
E/A=0.67
|
750
|
97
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
E/A=0.43
|
900
|
0
|
0.01
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
|
Expl. D
|
Field Measurement
|
990
|
53
|
0.9
|
1.1
|
2.4
|
2.0
|
0.11
|
|
ADORA
|
840
|
140
|
0.9
|
0.8
|
2.0
|
2.1
|
0.13
|
The emissions from OB/OD operations are usually expressed in terms of emission factors. An emission factor is defined as the mass of a species released into the atmosphere per unit mass of the
explosive burned or detonated. In the above table the emission factors computed using ADORA and other codes are compared with field measurements. ADORA’s predictions of emission factors are in
close agreement with the test results from the Dugway Proving Ground study. The explosive/air mass ratio is calculated by ADORA while it has to be imprinted in the available equilibrium codes. Even
when the E/A ratio is pre-assigned to match the CO2 measurement, the prediction of CO is not accurate and NOx and VOCs are completely off. In summary, ADORA provides more accurate
and conservative results than the other codes.
|
