Hydrogen: Exceptional Properties and Hazard Assessment & Mitigation
July 23-25, 2024
BlazeTech Corporation
29B Montvale Ave.
Woburn, MA 01801 USA
3-day course in-person. All participants must show proof of compliance with US federal and Massachusetts COVID-19 travel requirements at the time of the course; and those who do not will be denied entrance to the course.
By N. Albert Moussa, PhD, PE
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Course Outline
- Introduction
- H2 production: Green, Blue, Grey, Black
- Hydrogen as a Fuel v. Energy Carrier
- Fuel Cells v. Combustion Systems
- Hydrogen v. lithium-ion batteries
- Exceptional Properties that Differentiate Hydrogen from Other Gases
- Negative Joule-Thomson coefficient
- Thermal diffusion, thermophoresis
- Hydrogen embrittlement of metals, polymers
- Formation of peroxides and hydrides
- Flammability properties of hydrogen
- Accidental Release of Hydrogen
- Discharge flow rates at temperature and pressure: gas v. liquid, leak v. large dump
- Compressed gas heats up upon expansion!
- Jet formation and mixing with surrounding air
- Air condensation around a liquid H2 leak
- Spreading and boiling of a liquid H2 pool
- Spreading of initially-dense H2 vapors
- Formation and rise of buoyant puffs/plumes
- Dilution and dispersion prior to ignition?
- Hydrogen Fires in the Open Air
- Pool and jet fires (turbulent diffusion flames)
- Wind effect on heating adjacent structures
- Reactive dispersion and fire plumes
- Delayed ignition and vapor cloud fires
- Thermal radiation, Domino events, fireballs
- Test results of liquid spills at various scales
- Mitigation strategies: disperse or ignite?
- Hydrogen Fires Inside Structures
- Ignition and burning of hydrogen
- H2 enhancement of materials already burning: FAA test results
- Pressure rise and thermal damage
- Fire plume emanating from openings
- Mitigation strategies: ventilate to preempt ignition; once ignited let burn or extinguish?
- Hydrogen Explosions
- H2 gas accumulation in structures
- Deflagration, detonation, DDT and their dependence on local conditions
- Requirements for H2/open air detonation
- Quasi-static v. dynamic pressure rise
- Incident/reflected pressures and impulse
- Blast analysis and structural failure
- Survey of TNT equivalent yields of hydrogen
- Mitigation strategies
- H2 Safety Assessment in Transportation
- Storage as compressed gas v. liquid
- Hazard of high-pressure hydrogen tanks
- Lessons learned from hydrogen car fleet
- Tube Trailer fire in Diamond Bar, CA
- Applications to long haul transport
- Liquid tank configurations in aircraft
- Comparative crash fire for H2 v. fossil fuels
- Pros and cons for H2 transport as ammonia
- Adaptation of lessons learned from shipping liquified gases and mitigation strategies
- Hydrogen Safety Assessment in Facilities
- Data centers, backup power, and airports
- Lessons learned from chemical plants
- Protection of liquid hydrogen storage tanks
- Fire suppression considerations
- Explosion in Gangneung, South Korea
- Adaptation of lessons learned from storage of liquified gases and mitigation strategies
- Hazard/Risk Assessment
- Blended H2/Natural Gas in Pipelines
- Flammability properties of H2/NG ratios
- Fire/radiation as function of H2/NG ratios
- Challenges in residential and commercial use
- Closure
- Review of Mitigation strategies
Discussions are encouraged throughout the course.